CVE-2015-7225

Severity: medium (CVSS 5.3 v3.0)
Exploited in the wild: not listed in CISA KEV
EPSS: 2.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
Public exploit or detection template: none known
Published: 2017-09-06 · updated 2026-06-17
Weakness: CWE-254

Description

Tinfoil Devise-two-factor before 2.0.0 does not strictly follow section 5.2 of RFC 6238 and does not "burn" a successfully validated one-time password (aka OTP), which allows remote or physically proximate attackers with a target user's login credentials to log in as said user by obtaining the OTP through performing a man-in-the-middle attack between the provider and verifier, or shoulder surfing, and replaying the OTP in the current time-step.

Affected products

devise-two-factor: through 1.1.0

References

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/06/20/4
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/09/17/2
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/76789
https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=798466
https://github.com/tinfoil/devise-two-factor/blob/master/UPGRADING.md
https://github.com/tinfoil/devise-two-factor/issues/45#issuecomment-139335608
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/06/20/4
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/09/17/2
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/76789
https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=798466
https://github.com/tinfoil/devise-two-factor/blob/master/UPGRADING.md
https://github.com/tinfoil/devise-two-factor/issues/45#issuecomment-139335608

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