What’s Vulnerable › Vulnerabilities

CVE-2022-45442: Sinatra vulnerable to Reflected File Download attack

• Severity: high (CVSS 8.8 v3.1)
• Exploited in the wild: not listed in CISA KEV
• EPSS: 0.7% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
• Public exploit or detection template: yes
• Published: 2022-11-28 · updated 2026-06-17
• Weakness: CWE-494

Description

Sinatra is a domain-specific language for creating web applications in Ruby. An issue was discovered in Sinatra 2.0 before 2.2.3 and 3.0 before 3.0.4. An application is vulnerable to a reflected file download (RFD) attack that sets the Content-Disposition header of a response when the filename is derived from user-supplied input. Version 2.2.3 and 3.0.4 contain patches for this issue.

Affected products

• Debian Linux: 10.0
• sinatra: from 2.0.0 before 2.2.3; from 3.0.0 before 3.0.4 — fixed in 2.2.3, 3.0.4

How to fix

Upgrade to a fixed version: sinatra 2.2.3, 3.0.4. Check the vendor advisory for mitigations.

References

• https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8x94-hmjh-97hq
• https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/commit/ea8fc9495a350f7551b39e3025bfcd06f49f363b
• https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/security/advisories/GHSA-2x8x-jmrp-phxw
• https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00005.html
• https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-14/materials/eu-14-Hafif-Reflected-File-Download-A-New-Web-Attack-Vector.pdf
• https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8x94-hmjh-97hq
• https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/commit/ea8fc9495a350f7551b39e3025bfcd06f49f363b
• https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/security/advisories/GHSA-2x8x-jmrp-phxw
• https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00005.html
• https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/09/msg00020.html
• https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-14/materials/eu-14-Hafif-Reflected-File-Download-A-New-Web-Attack-Vector.pdf

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