What’s Vulnerable › Vulnerabilities

CVE-2023-33241: GG18 / GG20 TSS Beta Parameter Vulnerability

• Severity: critical (CVSS 9.1 v3.1)
• Exploited in the wild: not listed in CISA KEV
• EPSS: 1.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
• Public exploit or detection template: yes
• Published: 2023-08-09 · updated 2026-06-17
• Weakness: CWE-74

Description

Crypto wallets implementing the GG18 or GG20 TSS protocol might allow an attacker to extract a full ECDSA private key by injecting a malicious pallier key and cheating in the range proof. Depending on the Beta parameters chosen in the protocol implementation, the attack might require 16 signatures or more fully exfiltrate the other parties' private key shares.

Affected products

• Gg18 Project Gg18: all versions
• Gg20 Project Gg20: all versions

References

• https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/114.pdf
• https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/540.pdf
• https://github.com/fireblocks-labs/mpc-ecdsa-attacks-23
• https://github.com/fireblocks-labs/safeheron-gg20-exploit-poc
• https://www.fireblocks.com/blog/gg18-and-gg20-paillier-key-vulnerability-technical-report/
• https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/114.pdf
• https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/540.pdf
• https://github.com/fireblocks-labs/mpc-ecdsa-attacks-23
• https://github.com/fireblocks-labs/safeheron-gg20-exploit-poc
• https://www.fireblocks.com/blog/gg18-and-gg20-paillier-key-vulnerability-technical-report/

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