CVE-2025-21180: Windows exFAT File System Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Severity: high (CVSS 7.8 v3.1)
Exploited in the wild: not listed in CISA KEV
EPSS: 0.9% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
Public exploit or detection template: none known
Published: 2025-03-11 · updated 2026-06-17
Weakness: CWE-122

Description

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows exFAT File System allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

Affected products

Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1507: before 10.0.10240.20947 — fixed in 10.0.10240.20947
Microsoft Windows 10 1607: before 10.0.14393.7876 — fixed in 10.0.14393.7876
Microsoft Windows 10: before 10.0.17763.7009 — fixed in 10.0.17763.7009
Microsoft Windows 10: before 10.0.19044.5608 — fixed in 10.0.19044.5608
Microsoft Windows 10: before 10.0.19045.5608 — fixed in 10.0.19045.5608
Microsoft Windows 11: before 10.0.22621.5039 — fixed in 10.0.22621.5039
Microsoft Windows 11: before 10.0.22631.5039 — fixed in 10.0.22631.5039
Microsoft Windows 11: before 10.0.26100.3403; from 10.0.26100.3403 (excl.) before 10.0.26100.3476 — fixed in 10.0.26100.3403, 10.0.26100.3476
Microsoft Windows Server 2008: r2-sp1
Microsoft Windows Server 2012: r2
Microsoft Windows Server 2016: before 10.0.14393.7876 — fixed in 10.0.14393.7876
Microsoft Windows Server 2019: before 10.0.17763.7009 — fixed in 10.0.17763.7009
Microsoft Windows Server 2022: before 10.0.20348.3270 — fixed in 10.0.20348.3270
Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation): before 10.0.25398.1486 — fixed in 10.0.25398.1486
Microsoft Windows Server 2025: before 10.0.26100.3403; from 10.0.26100.3403 (excl.) before 10.0.26100.3476 — fixed in 10.0.26100.3403, 10.0.26100.3476
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1507: from 10.0.10240.0 before 10.0.10240.20947 — fixed in 10.0.10240.20947
Microsoft Windows 10 1607: from 10.0.14393.0 before 10.0.14393.7876 — fixed in 10.0.14393.7876
Microsoft Windows 10: from 10.0.17763.0 before 10.0.17763.7009 — fixed in 10.0.17763.7009
Microsoft Windows 10: from 10.0.19044.0 before 10.0.19044.5608 — fixed in 10.0.19044.5608
Microsoft Windows 10: from 10.0.19045.0 before 10.0.19045.5608 — fixed in 10.0.19045.5608
Microsoft Windows 11: from 10.0.22621.0 before 10.0.22621.5039 — fixed in 10.0.22621.5039
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3: from 10.0.22631.0 before 10.0.22631.5039 — fixed in 10.0.22631.5039
Microsoft Windows 11: from 10.0.22631.0 before 10.0.22631.5039 — fixed in 10.0.22631.5039
Microsoft Windows 11: from 10.0.26100.0 before 10.0.26100.3476 — fixed in 10.0.26100.3476
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1: from 6.1.7601.0 before 6.1.7601.27618 — fixed in 6.1.7601.27618
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2: from 6.0.6003.0 before 6.0.6003.23168 — fixed in 6.0.6003.23168
Microsoft Windows Server 2012: from 6.2.9200.0 before 6.2.9200.25368 — fixed in 6.2.9200.25368
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2: from 6.3.9600.0 before 6.3.9600.22470 — fixed in 6.3.9600.22470
Microsoft Windows Server 2016: from 10.0.14393.0 before 10.0.14393.7876 — fixed in 10.0.14393.7876
Microsoft Windows Server 2019: from 10.0.17763.0 before 10.0.17763.7009 — fixed in 10.0.17763.7009

How to fix

Upgrade to a fixed version: Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1507 10.0.10240.20947; Microsoft Windows 10 1607 10.0.14393.7876; Microsoft Windows 10 10.0.17763.7009; Microsoft Windows 10 10.0.19044.5608; Microsoft Windows 10 10.0.19045.5608; Microsoft Windows 11 10.0.22621.5039; Microsoft Windows 11 10.0.22631.5039; Microsoft Windows 11 10.0.26100.3403, 10.0.26100.3476; Microsoft Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.7876; Microsoft Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.7009; Microsoft Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.3270; Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) 10.0.25398.1486. Check the vendor advisory for mitigations.

References

https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21180

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