What’s Vulnerable › Vulnerabilities

CVE-2025-22149: JWK Set's HTTP client only overwrites and appends JWK to local cache during refresh

• Severity: low (CVSS 2.1 v4.0)
• Exploited in the wild: not listed in CISA KEV
• EPSS: 0.6% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
• Public exploit or detection template: none known
• Published: 2025-01-09 · updated 2026-06-17
• Weakness: CWE-672

Description

JWK Set (JSON Web Key Set) is a JWK and JWK Set Go implementation. Prior to 0.6.0, the project's provided HTTP client's local JWK Set cache should do a full replacement when the goroutine refreshes the remote JWK Set. The current behavior is to overwrite or append. This is a security issue for use cases that utilize the provided auto-caching HTTP client and where key removal from a JWK Set is equivalent to revocation. The affected auto-caching HTTP client was added in version v0.5.0 and fixed in v0.6.0. The only workaround would be to remove the provided auto-caching HTTP client and replace it with a custom implementation. This involves setting the HTTPClientStorageOptions.RefreshInterval to zero (or not specifying the value).

Affected products

• MicahParks jwkset: from 0.5.0, < 0.6.0

References

• https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset/commit/01db49a90f7f20c7fb39a699a2f19a7a5f379ed3
• https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset/issues/40
• https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset/security/advisories/GHSA-675f-rq2r-jw82
• https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-22149-detect-jwkset-vulnerability-in-go-projects-1
• https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-22149-mitigate-jwkset-vulnerability-in-go-projects

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