CVE-2025-23161: PCI: vmd: Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type

Severity: medium (CVSS 5.5 v3.1)
Exploited in the wild: not listed in CISA KEV
EPSS: 0.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
Public exploit or detection template: none known
Published: 2025-05-01 · updated 2026-06-17
Weakness: CWE-667

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: PCI: vmd: Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type The access to the PCI config space via pci_ops::read and pci_ops::write is a low-level hardware access. The functions can be accessed with disabled interrupts even on PREEMPT_RT. The pci_lock is a raw_spinlock_t for this purpose. A spinlock_t becomes a sleeping lock on PREEMPT_RT, so it cannot be acquired with disabled interrupts. The vmd_dev::cfg_lock is accessed in the same context as the pci_lock. Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type so it can be used with interrupts disabled. This was reported as: BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:48 Call Trace: rt_spin_lock+0x4e/0x130 vmd_pci_read+0x8d/0x100 [vmd] pci_user_read_config_byte+0x6f/0xe0 pci_read_config+0xfe/0x290 sysfs_kf_bin_read+0x68/0x90 [bigeasy: reword commit message] Tested-off-by: Luis Claudio R. Goncalves <lgoncalv@redhat.com> [kwilczynski: commit log] [bhelgaas: add back report info from https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20241218115951.83062-1-ryotkkr98@gmail.com/]

Affected products

Debian Linux: 11.0
Linux kernel: before 5.15.181; from 5.16 before 6.1.135; from 6.2 before 6.6.88; from 6.7 before 6.12.24; from 6.13 before 6.13.12; from 6.14 before 6.14.3 — fixed in 5.15.181, 6.1.135, 6.12.24, 6.13.12, 6.14.3, 6.6.88

How to fix

Upgrade to a fixed version: Linux kernel 5.15.181, 6.1.135, 6.12.24, 6.13.12. Check the vendor advisory for mitigations.

References

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