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CVE-2025-40005: spi: cadence-quadspi: Implement refcount to handle unbind during busy

• Severity: medium (CVSS 5.5 v3.1)
• Exploited in the wild: not listed in CISA KEV
• EPSS: 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
• Public exploit or detection template: none known
• Published: 2025-10-20 · updated 2026-10-19

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: spi: cadence-quadspi: Implement refcount to handle unbind during busy driver support indirect read and indirect write operation with assumption no force device removal(unbind) operation. However force device removal(removal) is still available to root superuser. Unbinding driver during operation causes kernel crash. This changes ensure driver able to handle such operation for indirect read and indirect write by implementing refcount to track attached devices to the controller and gracefully wait and until attached devices remove operation completed before proceed with removal operation.

Affected products

• Linux kernel: from 5.9 before 6.6.125; from 6.7 before 6.16.10; 6.17-rc1, 6.17-rc2, 6.17-rc3, 6.17-rc4 — fixed in 6.16.10, 6.6.125

How to fix

Upgrade to a fixed version: Linux kernel 6.16.10, 6.6.125. Check the vendor advisory for mitigations.

References

• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56787f4a75907ae99b5f5842b756fa68e2482f6d
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65ed52200080eafce3eead05cf22ce01238defca
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7446284023e8ef694fb392348185349c773eefb3
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ce3ebbe5c718940b4e94f5c25f5720223f893f8
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8df235f768cea7a5829cb02525622646eb0df5f5
• https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b7ec8a2b094a33d0464958c2cbf75b8f229098b0

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