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CVE-2025-48768: Apache NuttX RTOS: fs/inode: fs_inoderemove root inode removal

• Severity: medium (CVSS 6.5 v3.1)
• Exploited in the wild: not listed in CISA KEV
• EPSS: 0.8% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
• Public exploit or detection template: none known
• Published: 2026-01-01 · updated 2026-10-07
• Weakness: CWE-763

Description

Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference vulnerability was discovered in fs/inode/fs_inoderemove code of the Apache NuttX RTOS that allowed root filesystem inode removal leading to a debug assert trigger (that is disabled by default), NULL pointer dereference (handled differently depending on the target architecture), or in general, a Denial of Service. This issue affects Apache NuttX RTOS: from 10.0.0 before 12.10.0. Users of filesystem based services with write access that were exposed over the network (i.e. FTP) are affected and recommended to upgrade to version 12.10.0 that fixes the issue.

Affected products

• Apache Software Foundation Apache NuttX RTOS: from 10.0.0 before 12.10.0 — fixed in 12.10.0

How to fix

Upgrade to a fixed version: Apache Software Foundation Apache NuttX RTOS 12.10.0. Check the vendor advisory for mitigations.

References

• https://github.com/apache/nuttx/pull/16437
• https://lists.apache.org/thread/nwo1kd08b7t3dyz082q2pghdxwvxwyvo
• http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/31/10

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