CVE-2025-49581: XWiki allows remote code execution through default value of wiki macro wiki-type parameters

Severity: high (CVSS 8.8 v3.1)
Exploited in the wild: not listed in CISA KEV
EPSS: 0.6% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
Public exploit or detection template: yes
Published: 2025-06-13 · updated 2026-06-17
Weakness: CWE-94

Description

XWiki is a generic wiki platform. Any user with edit right on a page (could be the user's profile) can execute code (Groovy, Python, Velocity) with programming right by defining a wiki macro. This allows full access to the whole XWiki installation. The main problem is that if a wiki macro parameter allows wiki syntax, its default value is executed with the rights of the author of the document where it is used. This can be exploited by overriding a macro like the children macro that is used in a page that has programming right like the page XWiki.ChildrenMacro and thus allows arbitrary script macros. This vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 16.4.7, 16.10.3 and 17.0.0 by executing wiki parameters with the rights of the wiki macro's author when the parameter's value is the default value.

Affected products

xwiki-platform: from 11.10.11 before 12.0; from 12.6.3 before 12.7; from 12.8 before 16.4.7; from 16.5.0 before 16.10.3; 17.0.0-rc1 — fixed in 12.0, 12.7, 16.10.3, 16.4.7

How to fix

Upgrade to a fixed version: xwiki-platform 12.0, 12.7, 16.10.3, 16.4.7. Check the vendor advisory for mitigations.

References

Get alerted when CVE-2025-49581 or the next vulnerability affects your stack