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CVE-2025-54487

• Severity: critical (CVSS 9.8 v3.1)
• Exploited in the wild: not listed in CISA KEV
• EPSS: 0.7% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
• Public exploit or detection template: yes
• Published: 2025-08-25 · updated 2026-06-17
• Weakness: CWE-121

Description

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8842 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 12: else if (tag==12) //0x0C { // sampling resolution if (len>6) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag12 incorrect length %i>6\n",len); val32 = 0; int8_t v8; curPos += ifread(&UnitCode,1,1,hdr); curPos += ifread(&v8,1,1,hdr); curPos += ifread(buf,1,len-2,hdr); In addition to values of `len` greater than 130 triggering a buffer overflow, a value of `len` smaller than 2 will also trigger a buffer overflow due to an integer underflow when computing `len-2` in this code path.

Affected products

• The Biosig Project libbiosig: before 3.9.1 — fixed in 3.9.1

How to fix

Upgrade to a fixed version: The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.1. Check the vendor advisory for mitigations.

References

• https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234
• https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234

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