What’s Vulnerable › Vulnerabilities

CVE-2025-59934: Formbricks missing JWT signature verification

• Severity: critical (CVSS 9.4 v3.1)
• Exploited in the wild: not listed in CISA KEV
• EPSS: 9.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
• Public exploit or detection template: none known
• Published: 2025-09-26 · updated 2026-10-19
• Weakness: CWE-287

Description

Formbricks is an open source qualtrics alternative. Prior to version 4.0.1, Formbricks is missing JWT signature verification. This vulnerability stems from a token validation routine that only decodes JWTs (jwt.decode) without verifying their signatures. Both the email verification token login path and the password reset server action use the same validator, which does not check the token’s signature, expiration, issuer, or audience. If an attacker learns the victim’s actual user.id, they can craft an arbitrary JWT with an alg: "none" header and use it to authenticate and reset the victim’s password. This issue has been patched in version 4.0.1.

Affected products

• formbricks: before 4.0.1

References

• https://github.com/formbricks/formbricks/blob/843110b0d6c37b5c0da54291616f84c91c55c4fc/apps/web/lib/jwt.ts#L114-L117
• https://github.com/formbricks/formbricks/commit/eb1349f205189d5b2d4a95ec42245ca98cf68c82
• https://github.com/formbricks/formbricks/pull/6596
• https://github.com/formbricks/formbricks/security/advisories/GHSA-7229-q9pv-j6p4

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