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CVE-2025-9961: Authenticated RCE by CWMP binary

• Severity: high (CVSS 8.6 v4.0)
• Exploited in the wild: not listed in CISA KEV
• EPSS: 10.6% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
• Public exploit or detection template: none known
• Published: 2025-09-06 · updated 2026-09-26
• Weakness: CWE-120

Description

An authenticated attacker may remotely execute arbitrary code via the CWMP binary on the devices AX10 and AX1500.  The exploit can only be conducted via a Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack.  This issue affects AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6: before 1.2.1; AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6: before 1.3.11.

Affected products

• TP-Link Systems Inc. AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6: before 1.2.1 — fixed in 1.2.1
• TP-Link Systems Inc. AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6: before 1.3.11 — fixed in 1.3.11

How to fix

Upgrade to a fixed version: TP-Link Systems Inc. AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6 1.2.1; TP-Link Systems Inc. AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6 1.3.11. Check the vendor advisory for mitigations.

References

• https://blog.byteray.co.uk/zero-day-alert-automated-discovery-of-critical-cwmp-stack-overflow-in-tp-link-routers-0bc495a08679
• https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/archer-ax10/
• https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/archer-ax1500/
• https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/4647/

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