CVE-2026-102276: brace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion in parseCommaParts causing stack exhaustion

Severity: high (CVSS 7.5 v3.1)
Exploited in the wild: not listed in CISA KEV
EPSS: 0.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
Public exploit or detection template: none known
Published: 2026-09-28 · updated 2026-09-30
Weakness: CWE-400

Description

The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10, crafted brace patterns can exhaust the native stack in parseCommaParts because parseCommaParts recursively processes the remainder once per brace group and uses push.apply to pass every element of a very large comma-part array as a function argument. Patterns containing many comma-separated brace groups trigger the recursive path, while the large array triggers the argument-array path without deep recursion. These paths cause recursive and argument-array native stack exhaustion before max or maxLength can limit output, potentially terminating the Node.js process in a process-terminating denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10.

Affected products

Npm Brace-Expansion: from 4.0.0 before 5.0.10; from 3.0.0 before 3.0.7; from 2.0.0 before 2.1.5; before 1.1.19 — fixed in 5.0.10, 3.0.7, 2.1.5, 1.1.19
juliangruber brace-expansion: from 4.0.0, < 5.0.10; from 3.0.0, < 3.0.7; from 2.0.0, < 2.1.5; before 1.1.19

How to fix

Upgrade to a fixed version: Npm Brace-Expansion 5.0.10, 3.0.7, 2.1.5, 1.1.19. Check the vendor advisory for mitigations.

References

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