What’s Vulnerable › Vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-40494: SAIL has heap buffer overflow in TGA RLE decoder — raw packet path missing bounds check

• Severity: critical (CVSS 9.8 v3.1)
• Exploited in the wild: not listed in CISA KEV
• EPSS: 0.3% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
• Public exploit or detection template: none known
• Published: 2026-04-18 · updated 2026-10-25
• Weakness: CWE-787

Description

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302, the TGA codec's RLE decoder in `tga.c` has an asymmetric bounds check vulnerability. The run-packet path (line 297) correctly clamps the repeat count to the remaining buffer space, but the raw-packet path (line 305-311) has no equivalent bounds check. This allows writing up to 496 bytes of attacker-controlled data past the end of a heap buffer. Commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 patches the issue.

Affected products

• SAIL Image Decoding Library: before 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302

References

• https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302
• https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-cp2j-rwh4-r46f

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