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CVE-2026-45130: Vim: Heap Buffer Overflow in spell file loading

• Severity: medium (CVSS 5.5 v3.1)
• Exploited in the wild: not listed in CISA KEV
• EPSS: 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
• Public exploit or detection template: yes
• Published: 2026-05-08 · updated 2026-07-24
• Weakness: CWE-122

Description

Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to version 9.2.0450, a heap buffer overflow exists in read_compound() in src/spellfile.c when loading a crafted spell file (.spl) with UTF-8 encoding active. An attacker-controlled length field in the spell file's compound section overflows a 32-bit signed integer multiplication, causing a small buffer to be allocated for a write loop that runs many iterations, overflowing the heap. Because the 'spelllang' option can be set from a modeline, a text file modeline can trigger spell file loading if a malicious .spl file has been planted on the runtimepath. This issue has been patched in version 9.2.0450.

Affected products

• Neovim: through 0.12.2
• vim/vim: before 9.2.0450 — fixed in 9.2.0450

How to fix

Upgrade to a fixed version: vim/vim 9.2.0450. Check the vendor advisory for mitigations.

References

• https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/92993329178cb1f72d700fff45ca86e1c2d369f8
• https://github.com/vim/vim/releases/tag/v9.2.0450
• https://github.com/vim/vim/security/advisories/GHSA-q4jv-r9gj-6cwv
• http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/14/3

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