What’s Vulnerable › Vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-84384: libheif: brotli/zlib decompression paths lack output-size limits, allowing decompression-bomb OOM/DoS

• Severity: high (CVSS 7.5 v3.1)
• Exploited in the wild: not listed in CISA KEV
• EPSS: 0.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
• Public exploit or detection template: none known
• Published: 2026-09-18 · updated 2026-09-18
• Weakness: CWE-409

Description

libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. From 1.19.0 until 1.23.2, crafted HEIF or AVIF mime metadata and unci image data can cause decompress_brotli() and do_inflate() to grow accumulated output without an effective size limit or MemoryHandle accounting. The brotli path has no output bound, while the zlib path checks only a small temporary buffer in a branch that valid streams do not reach, and overlapping icef units can decompress the same payload repeatedly. HeifContext::interpret_heif_file_images() processes multiple compressed metadata items during file opening, allowing a small file to consume unbounded memory and terminate the process. This issue is fixed in version 1.23.2.

Affected products

• strukturag libheif: from 1.19.0, < 1.23.2

References

• https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/commit/21893e8f66c8b79363ca2809391b07d35e1a95ec
• https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases/tag/v1.23.2
• https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-24wx-9w62-c96w
• https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-24wx-9w62-c96w

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